우리 중 일부는 오래된 하드웨어를 가지고 있으며 종교적으로 최신 OS 릴리스로 업그레이드합니다. 시간이 지남에 따라 우리는 기기를 좋아하고 새로운 기기를 사용하거나 하드웨어를 업그레이드하지 않아도됩니다.

According to Wikipedia ElCapitan is “(version 10.11) is the twelfth major release of OS X, Apple Inc.’sdesktop and server operating system for Macintosh computers. It is the successorto OS X Yosemite and focuses mainly on performance, stability and security.Following the California landmark-based naming scheme introduced with OS XMavericks, El Capitan was named after a rock formation in Yosemite NationalPark.”.

It is suggested to keep the /Applications/ directory as clean as possible,having a separate directory for your personal apps lets you do that easily.Just create a folder named “Applications” in your home directory (or where youlike) and install all applications there. Apps installed via App Store or somespecial apps cannot live in a custom Applications folder, so you have to keepthem in the original path.

It is suggested to never run untrusted code not signed with a proper key.To allow only apps signed by an authorized developer, go to:

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Set “Allow apps download from” to “Mac App Store and identified developers” orif you want to be more strict and you install applications only via App Storeset it to “Mac App Store”.

OS X allows you to track all applications requesting access to some sort ofsensitive data, for example your location or your contacts.It is suggested to periodically check the list of applications requesting accessto sensitive data and review their permissions.To show the list of these applications go to:

By default File Vault keys are kept when system goes in standby mode.As suggested by man pmset:

destroyfvkeyonstandby - Destroy File Vault Key when going to standby: mode. By default File vault keys are retained even when system goes tostandby. If the keys are destroyed, user will be prompted to enter thepassword while coming out of standby mode.(value: 1 - Destroy, 0 -Retain)

It is suggested to configure your system to destroy File Vault keys when entergingin standy mode with the following command:

According to WikipediaBonjour is “Apple’s implementation of Zero-configuration networking (Zeroconf),a group of technologies that includes service discovery, address assignment, andhostname resolution. Bonjour locates devices such as printers, other computers,and the services that those devices offer on a local network using multicastDomain Name System (mDNS) service records”.

Bonjour sends some data about your OS on the network, so in some cases, in a nottrusted network you would like to disable it.

To disable Bonjour use the following command in a Terminal:

To enable Bonjour use the following command in a Terminal:

By default OS X creates metadata files in each directory to speed up browsing.These files could leak metadata, it is suggested to avoid creation of .DS_Storeand AppleDouble files.

Disable Creation of Metadata Files on Network Volumes with the following commandin a Terminal:

Disable Creation of Metadata Files on USB Volumes with the following commandin a Terminal:

It is suggested to disable diagnostic data and usage data sending to Apple.Go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Security & Privacy ⇒ Privacy ⇒ Diagnostics & Usage

Un-check “Send diagnostic & usage data to Apple”.Un-check “Share crash data with app developers”.

Mac OS X comes with a Guest user enabled by default, it permits the use ofyour device in a restricted environment to anyone.It is suggested to disable the Guest user, go to:

Un-check “Allow guests to log in to this computer”.

It is suggested to disable guest access to shared folders, if you are not usingit, go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Users & Groups ⇒ Guest User

Un-check “Allow guest users to connect to shared folders”.

Handoff is a great feature to keep your work in sync between Apple devices.Due to his implementation it needs to send some data to Apple iCloud to work, soin some way it is leaking your data.It is suggested to disable it.Go to:

Un-check “Allow Handoff between this Mac and your iCloud devices”.

Passwords hints are supposed to help an user to remember his password but couldalso help attackers.It is suggested to disable password hints, go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Users & Groups ⇒ Login Options

Un-check “Show password hints”.

Recent items are used to track your latest activity, it is also a featureused in forensics investigation to create the user activity timeline.It is suggested to not track last recently used items.Go to:

Set “Recent items” to “None”.

By default Spotlight is allowed to use localization services to help youoffering localized results.Due to his implementation it needs to send your position to a remote service.It is suggested to disable this behavior.Go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Security & Privacy ⇒ Privacy ⇒ Location Services

Select “System Services” and click “Details…”.Un-check “Safari & Spotlight Suggestions”.

By default Spotlight shows suggestions from the Internet, it sends your searchto Apple services and provides results back.It is suggested to use Spotlight only locally to prevent leaking your search.To disable Spotlight Suggestions go to:

Un-check “Allow Spotlight Suggestions in Spotlight and Look Up”.

It is suggested to disable results from Bing to avoid leaking your search toBing, go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Spotlight

Bonjour For Mac El Capitan Os

Un-check “Bing Web Searches” from the list of results categories.

It is suggested to enable FileVault to enable full disk encryption on yourdevice. It should be already enabled by default.Go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Security & Privacy ⇒ FileVault

Enable FileVault.

It is suggested to enable the Firewall and have it always running.Go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Security & Privacy ⇒ Firewall

Click on “Turn On Firewall”.

Now click on “Firewall options”, a new panel will appear.Click on “Block all incoming connections”.

Using “Block all incoming connections” will block all incoming connections toyour host. This will block also all sharing services, such as file sharing,screen sharing, Messages Bonjour, iTunes music sharing and other features.If your host is providing any kind of service, this option is not suggested;you should disable it.

It is suggested to enable the screen saver to automatically lock your screenafter a while.Go to:

System Preferences ⇒ Desktop & Screen Saver ⇒ Screen Saver

Set “Start after” to “5 Minutes”.

When you delete a file, OS X only deletes the index entry for the file, whichtells the system the file’s contents are free to be overwritten; however, thedata still remains and may be recovered using a forensics software.It is a good practice to always empty your trash securely. Your data will besecurely wiped from disk in an irreversible way.In the previous OS X releases there was an option to enable safe delete, Applehas removed this feature in OS X El Capitan. However, you can use command linetools.

You can use the rm command from Terminal to delete files with the -P option,as stated in man rm this option is used to:

Overwrite regular files before deleting them. Files areoverwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff,then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted.

For example if you what to delete test.pdf you should open Terminal and use:

The srm command is specifically designed for secure deletion from commandline, as stated in man srm:

srm removes each specified file by overwriting, renaming, and tr